Scientists have long speculated that Juptiter’s moon Europa has an icy crust covering a vast, global ocean –what Caltech’s Mike Brown describes as a “miniature Earth” ocean. The rocky layer underneath may be hot enough to melt, leading to undersea volcanoes.  “Whales of Europa” Europa’s ocean, some 15 miles below its chaotic terrain … Continue reading Europa’s ‘Earth-Like’ Ocean — “Harbors Seafloor Volcanoes and Potential for Life Billions of Years Old”